Comparing the Supernatural in William Shakespeares...

Comparing the Supernatural in William Shakespeares Hamlet and Macbeth In the time of William Shakespeare there was a strong belief in the existence of the supernatural. Therefore, the supernatural is a recurring theme in many of Shakespeares plays. In two such plays, Hamlet and Macbeth, the supernatural is an integral part of the structure of the plot. It provides a catalyst for action, an insight into character, and an augmentation of the impact of many key scenes. The supernatural appears to the audience in many varied forms. In Hamlet there appears perhaps the most notable of the supernatural forms, the ghost. However, in Macbeth, not only does a ghost appear, but also a floating dagger, witches, and prophetic†¦show more content†¦Hamlet, having no suspicion of the ghost after the production by the players, encounters the ghost next in his mothers room. In this scene the ghost makes an appearance to whet Hamlets almost blunted purpose(III.iv.126). Hamlet is now convinced of the ghost and he no longer harbors any suspicion. He now listens to it, Speak to her, Hamlet(III.iv.130). The supernatural is the guiding force behind Hamlet. The ghost asks Hamlet to seek revenge for the Kings death and Hamlet is thus propelled to set into action a series of events that ends in his own death. The supernatural occurs four times during the course of Macbeth. It occurs in all the appearances of the witches, in the appearance of Banquos ghost, in the apparitions with their prophecies, and in the air-drawn dagger that guides Macbeth towards his victim. Of the supernatural phenomenon evident in Macbeth the witches are perhaps the most important. The witches represent Macbeths evil ambitions. They are the catalysts that unleash Macbeths evil aspirations. Macbeth believes the witches and wishes to know more about the future so after the banquet he seeks them out at their cave. He wants to know the answers to his questions regardless of whether the consequence is violent and destructive to nature. The witches promise to answer and, following Macbeths wishes, they add further unnatural ingredients to the cauldron and call up their masters. This isShow MoreRelated Comparing Macbeth, Hamlet, and Othello Essay2768 Words   |  12 PagesComparing Shakespeare’s Macbeth, Hamlet, and Othello  Ã‚      Shakespeare’s tragedies were extremely popular in Elizabethan times and today. A tragedy is described as â€Å"a sad, serious story or play, usually ending with the death of the hero. A disastrous, fatal or dreadful event.† By comparing the three plays, Macbeth, Hamlet and Othello it is possible to see how he has used techniques appropriate to tragedy and how he applied them to his plays. The opening of the play is significant because itRead MoreComparing the Opening Sections of Kenneth Branaghs and Franco Zeffirellis Film Versions of Hamlet2458 Words   |  10 PagesComparing the Opening Sections of Kenneth Branaghs and Franco Zeffirellis Film Versions of Hamlet So exactly why is it that Hamlet is still so popular with our modern day audiences when it was written for the naà ¯ve audiences of the 17th century? Personally I believe this is because Hamlet deals with many fresh issues including corruption, love and the supernatural, which still appeal to contemporary audiences. These issues are also present in many films made recently eRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet Essay3604 Words   |  15 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet Hamlet was written around the year 1600 in the final years of the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, who had been the monarch of England for more than forty years and was then in her late sixties. The prospect of Elizabeth’s death and the question of who would succeed

Advantages and Disadvantages of Social Networking in Business

Question: Discuss about the Advantages and Disadvantages of Social Networking in Business. Answer: Introduction Various people engaging in business had first doubted the significance of involving social media in business, but the customer tastes and preferences together with the social media being the most available and easily accessible, forced business managers and entrepreneurs to dance to the tune of using them in business(Bruhn, Schoenmueller, Schafer, 2012). The social media platforms are numerous including Facebook, MySpace, Twitter, Linked-In among others. Various researchers did studies on the significance of using social media in business and came out with different results. According to (Jadoon, 2014), the advantages of using social media in businesses include; The social media platforms are ubiquitous. They can be assessed from any geographical region and at any time of the day or night. A business that uses the social media platforms to advertise their services and products have the advantage and opportunity to reach a wider market and a broader number of consumers at a very reduced cost(Bryman Bell, 2015). The business will not be limited to geographical regions only. Examples of global businesses that have been connected greatly with the social media platforms include; Coca-Cola company, Amazon bookshop and Starbucks coffee industry. The business of common interests can be able to organize meetings or seminars/forums to discuss a commonality that affects them all in their business strategy. An example of such forums is the one that was organized by Oil Manufacturing and Processing companies. According to (Houston, 2016), the oil companies had convened for a congress with one goal in mind; the extraction of oil in a very optimal and economical way. The Congress had brought various Exploration and Production (EP) artificial lift operators from different regions in the United States of America with the aim of brainstorming on methods of how to overcome the obstacles encountered during the process of picking the best artificial lift for pumping out oil. The social media platforms had been of significant effect in making known of the Congress and advertising it(Carolis, Litzky, Eddleston, 2009). Customers of common interest in a particular product or service can be able to compare and contrast the benefits they recei ve from a particular business organization(Chaffey, Ellis-Chadwick, Mayer, Johnston, 2009). This enables the business to get feedback on its market acceptance, find a way to adjust to challenges and improve on a particular product or service. Real-time information sharing Information shared on social media is send very fast, and can be replied to immediately. This has enhanced communication and intelligence sharing in businesses either within or out of business(Harris Rae, 2009). The results are prompt decision making and proper analysis of information and data. Information that could have otherwise taken days through traditional mailing system is quickly sent and instantly received by such services like emails. Businesses enjoy cheaper advertisement costs compared to the traditional advertisement methods. Previously expenses used in advertisement had to cater for transport, personnel, advertisement materials and payment to media houses. Social media has reduced all these costs as companies and businesses can comfortably advertise online using these social media platforms after only subscribing to a small internet connectivity fee(Jenkins, 2009). The revenues and profits realized have made so many businesses be able to diversify into other areas since expenses and losses are much reduced. Many businesses can be able to collect information and share it by using social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter, thereby reaching many consumers and potential customers(Jones Jayawama, 2010). New products and services being introduced can be easily be made an instantaneous cycle of news and people can know what is new in the market by watching what is trending. Reduced middlemen Businesses can directly supply or sell their services and goods to customers without the intervention of middlemen who distort prices for their benefit. The amount of information also given from marketing using social media is much more sufficient compared to that which may be offered by middlemen. Business, therefore, can be able to get direct feedback, reviews, comments and criticism on the quality of product/service provided(Leonardi, Huysman, Steinfield, 2013). This gives them a platform for improved innovativeness, creativity, and proper analysis with prompt decision making. The profits and revenues got are also enhanced compared to businesses transacted with the involvement of middlemen. According to (Bank, 2014), businesses and companies embraced the use of social media platforms in their businesses due to the advantages they enjoy. He illustrates that the tourism businesses have been made easier and improved due to the help of social media. The examples of advantages of using the social media for business are that; Innovativeness ad competitiveness The tourism industry, for instance, has enhanced its competitiveness in the business by offering services like tour guiding on the destination where one would wish to travel to, the requirements that may be needed, the advantages of visiting a particular site and the expectations they would meet(Molina-Morales Martinez-Fernandez, 2010). Online reviews by customers over a particular tourism business also enable the comparison of the customer satisfaction experiences hence, a signpost to either more creativity/innovativeness or improvement of special services. According to (Nadaraja, 2010), social media has recorded positive impacts on businesses that incorporated its use in the mainstream running of the business. He mentions a few advantages including; The social media platform has enabled effective communication in businesses and interactions between employees and employers. Impromptu business meetings can be easily organized by social media platforms like WhatsApp, and the venue and time communicated on only one message from the organizing secretary and received instantaneously by everyone in the group account(Mostafa, 2013). Business meetings that involve larger organizations may also include the use of Skype and video teleconferencing for members from various regions. Stakeholders or branch managers, therefore, do not have to book tickets or travel long distances to attend such meetings. The relationships and performances between employees could also be enhanced, as those who are shy can be able to inquire or consult before doing a transaction without having to say it in person(Picazo-Vela, Gutierrez-Martinez, Luna-Reyes, 2012). The results could be enhanced performance that could have otherwise been performed dismally if consultation was not made. Customer loyalty for particular businesses has also been enabled in an excellent manner by the social media. Customers interactivity has been modified in form and content, allowing them to be part of business prosperity, through higher involvement in spreading its benefits, higher ratings of credibility and positive attitudes towards the business and its services. Target marketing Various social media platforms can be used for various marketing by businesses. For example, when a particularly experienced employee hunting is done, platforms like Linked-In are used to outsource qualified and trained professionals(Prell, Hubecek, Reed, 2009). When a new product is introduced, or changes and improvements have been made to the original ones, then platforms like Twitter and Facebook are considered for marketing. These platforms are therefore used in various capacities to target different audiences efficiently and effectively. Smart marketing has enabled businesses to advertise their offerings to reach customers with interest of what they are selling hence increased sales and promotion(Sashi, 2012). Social media platforms have improved the way customers are served by businesses through the creation of customer service sites. Customers who may have questions about a particular product can be able to ask and get the answers online despite the geographical region in which they are based(Shankar, Venkatesh, Hofacker, Naik, 2010). This has been effective, especially for businesses that have a global setting. An example of such a business is the Starbucks. It enables the customers to order coffee online, and get other forms of services through the customer service platforms. Others businesses that have greatly benefited from these customer care platforms also are the banks and financial institutions. According to Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM 2010), the benefits of using social media in businesses is dependent on the platform type was chosen, the type of businesses and the features that the specifically chosen site encompasses. The benefits of using the platforms, as it illustrates include; Enhanced discovery and innovativeness is facilitated by open communication. This is both inside the organization and between the organizations and customers. Business ideas, links, and questions can be shared online by employees and stakeholders such that creativity, innovativeness and entrepreneurial skills can be shared widely. An opportunity for creating business contacts is also enabled through these platforms. Implementation of marketing campaigns, expansion of market researches, and direct involvement with consumers is enhanced by these platforms. According to (SHRM 2010), the social media platforms in businesses enable efficient recruitment of qualified and experienced personnel and marketing with a target audience in mind. Social media disadvantages to businesses The social media platforms also have some disadvantages to businesses. Some of these include; According to (SHRM 2010), a social media platform gives an opportunity for hackers to access information and data that is very crucial to the organization. The information may be used by the unauthorized people to bring down a business. The social media platforms also put the organization at risk of exposure to their weakness, through postings of objectionable and illicit information which may be difficult to amend(Sledgianowski Kulviwat, 2009). This may be exposed by disgruntled customers who may not be satisfied with services or goods provided by a business organization. The reputation may take time to amend, and losses would be realized instead of profits. Many customers fall at risks of a scam by preys with identity theft of popular businesses hence destroying the reputation of the business and customer loyalty. Face to face socializations are endangered: Many employees and business partners prefer to meet and talk online rather than meet and talk in person(Waters, Burnett, Lamm, Lucas, 2009). People have little or no time for their real friends but chat hours on end with their online friends. Building and maintenance of relationships is also put at risk as it is easy to block or unfriend someone whom they feel they dont agree with. The social media platforms give an opportunity to bullying and performance of obscene crimes that may destroy the reputation of the business and destroy it competitive advantages. Identity theft can also be used to conduct crimes to customers of an organization. Many employees have recorded dismal performances as they waste a lot of their working hours chatting with friends and browsing rather than doing online related businesses(Borgatti, Everett, Johnson, 2013). The social media platforms hence waste time of employees leading to reduction in the general sales and output. Intellectual property and data control, according to Bank (2014), has also become challenging to many businesses as they have to be keen in ensuring their secrets are not revealed and their best employees not manipulated. Conclusion The use of ubiquitous media or the social media platforms in the advertisement, marketing, and communication in business has recorded various benefits and disadvantages as have been discussed in this paper. The choice of a business embracing the use of these social media platforms will depend on the type of business, the features it provides and its effectiveness in ensuring the business doesnt record losses. The social media should enable a business to maintain its competitive edge and reputation in the market. The choice will entirely rely on management decision. References Baltar, F. and Brunet, I., 2012. Social research 2.0: virtual snowball sampling method using Facebook.Internet Research,22(1), pp.57-74. Bank, C. M. (2014). The Impact of social media: advantages or disadvantages? Borgatti, S.P., Everett, M.G. and Johnson, J.C., 2013.Analyzing social networks. SAGE Publications Limited. Bruhn, M., Schoenmueller, V. and Schfer, D.B., 2012. Are social media replacing traditional media in terms of brand equity creation?.Management Research Review,35(9), pp.770-790. Bryman, A. and Bell, E., 2015.Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. De Carolis, D.M., Litzky, B.E. and Eddleston, K.A., 2009. Why networks enhance the progress of new venture creation: The influence of social capital and cognition.Entrepreneurship theory and practice,33(2), pp.527-545. Chaffey, D., Ellis-Chadwick, F., Mayer, R. and Johnston, K., 2009.Internet marketing: strategy, implementation and practice. Pearson Education. Harris, L. and Rae, A., 2009. Social networks: the future of marketing for small business.Journal of business strategy,30(5), pp.24-31. Houston. (2016). Assessing Selection Criteria for Artificial Lift Systems; In Horizontal Wells: Fully Optimizing Rod Pump, Gas Lift, Plunger Lift Artificial Lift Techniques. North American congress. Jadoon, N. R. (2014). Advantages and disadvantages of social networking. Jenkins, H., 2009. A business opportunitymodel of corporate social responsibility for small?and medium?sized enterprises.Business ethics: A European review,18(1), pp.21-36. Jones, O. and Jayawarna, D., 2010. Resourcing new businesses: social networks, bootstrapping and firm performance.Venture Capital,12(2), pp.127-152. Leonardi, P.M., Huysman, M. and Steinfield, C., 2013. Enterprise social media: Definition, history, and prospects for the study of social technologies in organizations.Journal of Computer?Mediated Communication,19(1), pp.1-19. Management, S. f. (2010). What are the advantages and Disadvantages of social networking sites? What should we include in a policy? Molina?Morales, F.X. and Martnez?Fernndez, M.T., 2010. Social networks: effects of social capital on firm innovation.Journal of Small Business Management,48(2), pp.258-279. Mostafa, M.M., 2013. More than words: Social networks text mining for consumer brand sentiments.Expert Systems with Applications,40(10), pp.4241-4251. Nadaraja, R. (2010). Social Media Marketing: Advantages and Disadvantages. Picazo-Vela, S., Gutirrez-Martnez, I. and Luna-Reyes, L.F., 2012. Understanding risks, benefits, and strategic alternatives of social media applications in the public sector.Government information quarterly,29(4), pp.504-511. Prell, C., Hubacek, K. and Reed, M., 2009. Stakeholder analysis and social network analysis in natural resource management.Society and Natural Resources,22(6), pp.501-518. Sashi, C.M., 2012. Customer engagement, buyer-seller relationships, and social media.Management decision,50(2), pp.253-272. Shankar, V., Venkatesh, A., Hofacker, C. and Naik, P., 2010. Mobile marketing in the retailing environment: current insights and future research avenues.Journal of interactive marketing,24(2), pp.111-120. Sledgianowski, D. and Kulviwat, S., 2009. Using social network sites: The effects of playfulness, critical mass and trust in a hedonic context.Journal of Computer Information Systems,49(4), pp.74-83. Waters, R.D., Burnett, E., Lamm, A. and Lucas, J., 2009. Engaging stakeholders through social networking: How nonprofit organizations are using Facebook.Public relations review,35(2), pp.102-106. Advantages and Disadvantages of Social Networking in Business Question: Write about theAdvantages and Disadvantages of Social Networking in Business for MySpace. Answer: Introduction: Social Networking in Business In the last few years social networking through the social media has become ubiquitous and an important tool in the everyday life of the people in all walks of their lives. The SNSs or the Social Networking Sites like the Face book, MySpace, and YouTube have millions of people accessing them every day for a variety of interests, reasons, and practices. The impact of Social Networking is becoming increasingly pervasive and can be felt in all the spheres of the modern life from educational, social, economic, business, and marketing (Ricciardi, 2014). The social networking sites with their wide reach and impact are becoming an important channel for most of the business organisations today. The purpose of this study is to present the impact of social networking on the business organisations today and how the business today is using the social networking channel as a strategic tool for expanding the reach of their business. Project Objective The objective of this project is to study the advantages that the social networking is providing to the business organisations today and how is it helping businesses to spread their reach more effectively than the traditional marketing and promotion methods. Project Scope This study will also examine the various disadvantages that occur with the use of social networking for business. This paper will examine the different challenges and problems presented by using social networking as a strategic tool for marketing and advertising of a business organisation Literature Review Social media networking has been in existence for a period less than two decades but has gained widespread prominence in all segments of society. Social networking sites like LinkedIn, Face book, MySpace, Twitter, Instagram, and much more have gained a following of more than one billion users in just about a decade of their existence and the users continue to grow in numbers every day (Social Media: What are the advantages and disadvantages of social networking sites, 2016). The commercial value and potential of the social networking became apparent to business leaders and soon the social networking became an integral part of the marketing and advertising department of business organisations. While individuals use the social networking to build personal relationships and personal interaction, the business organisations consider them as platforms on which they can interact and communicate with the existing and potential customers directly (Nadaraja, Yazdanifard, 2013). This presents a paradigm shift from the earlier used traditional methods of customer interaction as the companies can connect to millions of customers at the same time with just the click of a button. The prospective and the existing customers also make use of this platform to gain more information about the company and their business practices in much faster way. Any marketing strategy using the social networking sites has a reach that cuts across borders and reaches a much wider horizon and can be accessed by anyone who has an internet connection anywhere in the world. Social networking in business has many advantages but at the same time like any other business strategy, it has some prominent drawbacks or disadvantages which can have strong impacts on the business (Abrons, n.d.). Advantages Brand Awareness and Exposure: Social networking improves brand exposure and increases awareness of the brand. This is especially beneficial for new brands which can increase their visibility and create awareness about their products and services through the social networking platforms. The social networking sites have provided a new launch platform to the new and existing businesses where the companies can present their services and products to the consumers in a more interactive manner (Colliander, Dahln, 2011). This is the first step in building a relationship with the consumers and on the social networking sites, the consumers can get to read about the different services and products being offered by a brand in detail and can also read the reviews from the other users about the quality of the services and products of a particular brand (Hensel, Deis, 2010). Target Market: Social networking sites have made niche targeting of the consumers much easier than the traditional methods as the companies are able to target audience based on the personal interests, preferences, and needs of the consumers. Social networking offers the option of smart marketing in which the online traffic of consumers who are interested in services and products of a company can be directed to the companys websites through the social networking sites (Assaad, Gomez, 2011). Competitor Monitoring and Market Insights: With the advent of the internet, social media, and social networking, the competitor monitoring and market research have been completely transformed. Competitive benchmarking has become an important tool in the business and marketing strategy of all the organisations today. Since most of the competitors are operating in the same marketplace and are targeting the same audience, it becomes imperative to examine the competitors strategy and the consumers reactions to the competitors strategy (Smits, Mogos, 2013). All this becomes easy with social networking as most of the companies are active online and this presents a unique opportunity to a business organisation to read in detail about the services and products, the goals, strategies, and execution methodologies of the rival companies. The social networking is a valuable tool when it comes to assessing the current trends in the market and market research in the areas related to competition monitoring and target market segments (Edosomwan, Prakasan, Kouame, Watson, Seymour, 2011). Lead Generation: A large number of marketing professionals admit that social networking strategy in a business helps in increasing the lead generation for a business. The advantage over traditional methods is that by spending a much lesser amount of time, the marketers can generate much more leads through social network marketing strategies. Blogs, social interaction sites like Face book, can help to create a connection with the potential customers. Companies can share useful content and information on their social media pages and even answer queries about the company, its products, and services. This creates a brand value for the company and can turn the visitors to the company webpage or website into a potential lead (Parveen, 2012). Cost Effective: Social networking as a marketing and advertising tool has proved to be one of the most cost effective means of business promotion. The financial barriers to using social networking sites and social media as marketing implements are very low as compared to the traditional means. While an advertising and marketing campaign by using the traditional methods can cost a business millions of dollars, many of the social networking tools being used by the businesses are free. The viral nature of the social networking also means that the consumers who read the information about the services and products of a company have the ability to spread it within their individual networks, in a cost effective manner and in a short period of time (Michaelidou, Siamagka, Christodoulides, 2011). Customer Service and Public Relations: Customer Service and public relations are the other critical areas when it comes to using social networking for business. The customer service department can get to interact with the consumers and the potential consumers on almost a daily basis and can learn about the drawbacks, complaints, and grievances about their products and services and provide effective and faster solutions to the consumers. Similarly, social networking is a very effective tool for HR departments in supporting the companys recruitment system. Through the social networking sites like Linkedln a company can build a professional network creating a talent pool and keep track of the performance of prospective employees (Hanafizadeh, Ravasan, Nabavi, Mehrabioun, 2012). Disadvantages Although social networking has offered a lot of new opportunities for business organisations, it has certain risks and drawbacks that the marketing managers must keep in mind while devising their business and marketing strategies. Time Intensive: Social media and networking are interactive platforms where two-way communication is important for success. While planning a marketing strategy on the social networking platforms, the focus of the strategy is more developing long term relationships which can be converted into sales figures. Therefore, dedicated personnel will have to be devoted to the task of monitoring the social networks, answering the queries and questions, and post the relevant product and service related information on the network. An organisation which does not have dedicated professionals monitoring the social networking will not be able to compete with others. Therefore, social media networking needs lots of time investment and simply posting on a few social media sites will not get fruitful results for the business (Oyza, Edwin, 2015). Copyrights and Trademarks: It becomes an important exercise for the companies to protect their copyrights and trademarks when they start operating on the social networking platforms. The brand name of the company and the other intellectual property is just as valuable as the other services and products of the company (Paquette, 2013). While the impromptu communication and faster publicity may help the company in disseminating useful information and copyrighted material to its target audience, the same facilities can be abused by miscreants to abuse a firms copyrights and trademarks. The companies have to regularly monitor their social networking platforms and also the social media being used by third-parties to ensure that their intellectual property is not being misused in any manner. This kind of impersonation can harm the companys brand name and reputation if it is left unchecked or undetected (Aral, Dellarocas, Godes, 2013). Privacy, Trust, and Security: Many of the consumers feel that social media marketing is intrusive and invades their privacy. The users are also concerned about their personal information being misused and fiascos related to the privacy concerns have led to major criticisms of the public relations departments of many companies resulting into an erosion of confidence in the company and a negative brand image. Trust in a brand name and the company are very important in generating business on the social networking sites as there is no personal interaction with another person while generating business and sharing information. Therefore, companies while using the social networking sites should develop stringent policies safeguarding the interests and privacy of the consumers. Lack of Control on Feedback: The social networking sites can convert the potential customers into viral advertisers and marketers for a company and this creates a pressure of positive and negative feedback for the company. Depending on the way a company projects itself online and the quality of services and products it offers to the customers, both positive and negative feedback can be generated for the company based on the individual experiences of the consumers (Scott, 2015). The value of the consumer product-reviews, tags, and images have increased manifold for the potential customers seeking feedback about the services and products of a company. In many cases negative posts, disparaging comments and pictures can damage the brand name of a company and because of the viral nature of the social media, the companies at times cannot control the damaging effects of such negative publicity (Hajli, 2014). Conclusion In the present world dominated by social networking the consumers have assumed a new role of content creators and are more proactive and functional customers than they were in the past. While the social networking offers a plethora of opportunities to the new and existing businesses, it also has some major drawbacks and risks associated with it. A company that wants to utilise the social networking to expand its business should undertake a research on the effective social media practices and should gain knowledge about the strategies of using the social networking and social media as an efficacious tool in their business strategy (The Advantages and Disadvantages of Social Media Marketing, n.d.). References: Abrons, R. (n.d.). The Disadvantages of Using Social Networks as Marketing Tools. Retrieved from: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/disadvantages-using-social-networks-marketing-tools-20861.html Aral, S., Dellarocas, C., Godes, D. (2013). Introduction to the special issuesocial media and business transformation: a framework for research.Information Systems Research,24(1), 3-13. Retrieved from: https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/abs/10.1287/isre.1120.0470 Assaad, W., Gomez, J. M. (2011). Social network in marketing (social media marketing) opportunities and risks.International Journal of Managing Public Sector Information and Communication Technologies,2(1), 13. Retrieved from: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/9149/4988f7eeef2f56ecb0dd0a69f98629cbbf25.pdf Colliander, J., Dahln, M. (2011). Following the fashionable friend: The power of social media.Journal of advertising research,51(1), 313-320. Retrieved from: https://www.journalofadvertisingresearch.com/content/51/1/313 Edosomwan, S., Prakasan, S. K., Kouame, D., Watson, J., Seymour, T. (2011). The history of social media and its impact on business.Journal of Applied Management and entrepreneurship,16(3), 79. Retrieved from: https://search.proquest.com/openview/f828806820e0b99fcbda9c765788e137/1?pq-origsite=gscholarcbl=25565 Hajli, M. N. (2014). A study of the impact of social media on consumers.International Journal of Market Research,56(3), 387-404. Retrieved from: https://www.lyfemarketing.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Compressed-PDF.pdf Hanafizadeh, P., Ravasan, A. Z., Nabavi, A., Mehrabioun, M. (2012). A literature review on the business impacts of social network sites.International Journal of Virtual Communities and Social Networking (IJVCSN),4(1), 46-60. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236152792_A_Literature_Review_on_the_Business_Impacts_of_Social_Network_Sites Hensel, K., Deis, M. H. (2010). Using social media to increase advertising and improve marketing.The Entrepreneurial Executive,15, 87. Retrieved from: https://search.proquest.com/openview/accaef45f13be4cd198946fc6c36502d/1?pq-origsite=gscholarcbl=28211 Michaelidou, N., Siamagka, N. T., Christodoulides, G. (2011). Usage, barriers and measurement of social media marketing: An exploratory investigation of small and medium B2B brands.Industrial marketing management,40(7), 1153-1159. Retrieved from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019850111001374 Nadaraja, R., Yazdanifard, R. (2013). Social media marketing: advantages and disadvantages.Center of Southern New Hempshire University. Retrieved from: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/c070/c908671a70dfb44a245be96ec4f54a47e98f.pdf Oyza, I., Edwin, A. M. (2015). Effectiveness of Social Media Networks as a Strategic Tool for Organizational Marketing Management.The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce. Retrieved from: https://www.icommercecentral.com/open-access/effectiveness-of-social-media-networks-as-a-strategic-tool-for-organizational-marketing-management.php?aid=66382 Parveen, F. (2012, July). Impact Of Social Media Usage On Organizations. InPACIS(p. 192). Retrieved from: https://www.pacis-net.org/file/2012/PACIS2012-128.pdf Paquette, H. (2013). Social media as a marketing tool: A literature review. Retrieved from: https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001context=tmd_major_papers Ricciardi, F. (2014). Business Networking: Possible Positive and Negative Impacts on Innovation and Excellence. InInnovation Processes in Business Networks(pp. 5-15). Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden. Retrieved from: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-658-03439-9_2 Scott, D. M. (2015).The new rules of marketing and PR: How to use social media, online video, mobile applications, blogs, news releases, and viral marketing to reach buyers directly. John Wiley Sons. Retrieved from: https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=gi5ECgAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PR19dq=EFFECTIVENESS+OF+THE+USE+OF+SOCIAL+MEDIA+marketing+and+advertising+in+business+and+tradeots=DjUQMD6d1gsig=JGbpwoGU3hZhxLHUO0KEuVdmYiA#v=onepageqf=false Smits, M., Mogos, S. (2013). The Impact Of Social Media On Business Performance. InECIS(p. 125). Retrieved from: https://aisel.aisnet.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1348context=ecis2013_cr Social Media: What are the advantages and disadvantages of social networking sites? (2016, June 01). Retrieved from: https://www.shrm.org/ResourcesAndTools/tools-and-samples/hr-qa/Pages/socialnetworkingsitespolicy.aspx The Advantages and Disadvantages of Social Media Marketing. (n.d.). Retrieved from: https://www.webpagefx.com/internet-marketing/social-media-marketing-advantages-and-disadvantages.html

s Search For Meaning - Viktor Frankl

Viktor Frankl’s concept regarding survival and fully living was developed through his observations and experiences in the concentration camps. He used his psychiatric training to discern the meanings of observations and to help himself become a better person. He uses analysis to develop his own concepts and describes them in steps throughout the book. When the prisoners first arrived at the camp most of them thought they would be spared at the last moment. The prisoners believed they had a chance of surviving, but this belief was eventually eliminated and it was at this time when the prisoners began to learn how to survive by using their internal strength. A sense of humor had emerged among the prisoners. This humor helped to get through some difficult situations they faced. Viktor also observed how much a person could really endure and still live. Even though the prisoners could not clean their teeth and were deprived of warmth and vitamins, they still were able to survive. The sores and abrasions on their hands did not suppurate despite the dirt that gathered on them from the hard labor. The challenge of staying alive under these wretched conditions was to have and maintain strong internal strength. During the time he spent in the camps, Viktor learned what was needed to survive and how to keep his internal strength despite his weakening external strength. During the second stage of Viktor’s psychological reaction, prisoners lost their sense of feeling and emotion toward events that would be emotional to people outside the camps. This was a result of the violent environment, which consisted of beatings of prisoners and the death of many others. The prisoners could no longer feel any disgust or horror since these emotions where very common. From Viktor’s professional point of view, this observation surprised him and also gave him a different point of view of the whole situation. The pain that hurt Viktor the most was the pa... 's Search For Meaning - Viktor Frankl Free Essays on Man\'s Search For Meaning - Viktor Frankl Viktor Frankl’s concept regarding survival and fully living was developed through his observations and experiences in the concentration camps. He used his psychiatric training to discern the meanings of observations and to help himself become a better person. He uses analysis to develop his own concepts and describes them in steps throughout the book. When the prisoners first arrived at the camp most of them thought they would be spared at the last moment. The prisoners believed they had a chance of surviving, but this belief was eventually eliminated and it was at this time when the prisoners began to learn how to survive by using their internal strength. A sense of humor had emerged among the prisoners. This humor helped to get through some difficult situations they faced. Viktor also observed how much a person could really endure and still live. Even though the prisoners could not clean their teeth and were deprived of warmth and vitamins, they still were able to survive. The sores and abrasions on their hands did not suppurate despite the dirt that gathered on them from the hard labor. The challenge of staying alive under these wretched conditions was to have and maintain strong internal strength. During the time he spent in the camps, Viktor learned what was needed to survive and how to keep his internal strength despite his weakening external strength. During the second stage of Viktor’s psychological reaction, prisoners lost their sense of feeling and emotion toward events that would be emotional to people outside the camps. This was a result of the violent environment, which consisted of beatings of prisoners and the death of many others. The prisoners could no longer feel any disgust or horror since these emotions where very common. From Viktor’s professional point of view, this observation surprised him and also gave him a different point of view of the whole situation. The pain that hurt Viktor the most was the pa...

Taming Of The Shrew Essays - The Taming Of The Shrew, Free Essays

Taming Of The Shrew Essays - The Taming Of The Shrew, Free Essays Taming Of The Shrew In William Shakespeares Taming of the Shrew, Katherine is not truly tamed because she simply follows Petruchios orders without changing her spirit. Petruchio gets his hands full when he marries Katherine. She is a very wild and rough woman who needs to be tamed. In the beginning of the story, Katherine is a very wild woman; her father speaks of her violent ways: For shame, thou hilding of a devilish spirit! (II, i., 27-28). Baptista, Katherines father, is obviously fed up with Katherine and her savage manners for him to utter such strong words to his daughter. Katherine is so feral that she will never be able to be tamed. Throughout the play, she remains this way. On the way to Biancas wedding, Petruchio threatens to turn back unless Katherine agrees that the moon is shining, and it is not the sun, as it truthfully is. Hortensio, one of Petruchios friends, advises Katherine to consent to Petruchio: Hortensio: Say as he says, or we shall never go. Katherine: Forward, I pray, since we have come so fare, And be it moon, or sun, or what you please. (IV, v., 13-15) Katherine is becoming very smart at obeying Petruchio. She now understands how to get what she wants from him. Her spirit is still wild and untamed; however, she acts loyal to Petruchio on the surface to avoid suffering Petruchios punishments. By not changing her nature, Katherine shows Petruchio that he is not in charge. The men of the town of Padua need to find a man to marry Katherine to free her fair sister, Bianca. Katherines father will not allow Bianca to marry until the elder is married. Petruchio is talked into marrying Katherine, mostly for her fathers dowry. When Petruchio first meets Katherine and talks of marriage, she is very wild and she tries to run away from him: I chafe you if I tarry. Let me go. (II. i., 255). Katherine does not want to be with Petruchio. She is happy being by herself and making her sister miserable. She is a very independent woman, and she enjoys living up to her reputation. When Petruchio fails to listen to Katherine about what type of outfit she wants to wear to Biancas wedding, she is enraged: Why, sir, I trust I may have leave to speak, And speak I will. I am no child, no babe. Your betters have endured me say my mind, And if you cannot, best you stop your ears. My tongue will tell the anger of my heart, Or else my heart, concealing it, will break, And, rather than it shall, I will be free Even to the uttermost, as I please, in words. (IV, iii., 78-85). Katherine directly goes against her husband. She does not show him the respect a husband should receive. Katherine never changes her untamed ways; she stays wild at heart. Obviously, in William Shakespeares Taming of the Shrew, Katherine is never actually tamed by Petruchio. Bibliography The Taming of the Shrew, by William Shakespeare

Aquinas and Aristotle's Perspective on the American Government Essay

Aquinas and Aristotle's Perspective on the American Government - Essay Example America was colonized by Britain and after independence, founders of the American society introduced federal system of government. This paper will analyze Aristotle and Aquinas view on the American style of governance and on allegations that the British occupation was unjust under the law of nature and God. The question that this paper will seek to answer is what the wisdom and justifications of these words in regard to Aristotle and Aquinas view of Governance in America are. Based on this question, the main objective of this paper is to analyze the teachings of Aristotle and Aquinas on Governance and apply them on American perspective. Thomas Aquinas observed that there are two types of governments, just and unjust. The three kinds of a just government are; monarchy, oligarchy and democracy. Aquinas states that monarchy is the best form of government, since one leader, known as a king is made to rule; his heart needs to be kind and just. The reason advanced by the philosopher is tha t no obstacle can come on the king’s rule. Oligarchy refers to rule by an elite group of people. Aquinas views this as second to monarchy since it is not efficient and ideal as a monarch in its operations. Aquinas argues that with oligarchy, there might be a different view which affects the functioning of the state. The least, in Aquinas view is a democracy, and he refers it as rule by the masses. Aquinas views this as the most inefficient since decisions are not implemented with speed. Basing on these teachings, the American claim of independence from British is not wise. They were against the King of England who was a monarch, and in his belief, monarchy is the best style of governance. Americans had the intention of creating a democratic government based on the concept of equality and unalienable rights. Aquinas argues that democracy can turn to be unjust (Lord, 47), for instance, when people turn out to be selfish and greedy, and, in a democracy, the unalienable rights of individuals can be looked down upon. The American system of governance is composed of the senate, the House of Representatives and the presidency and in Aquinas’ view; this is a just form of governance since the three organs control the excesses of each other. This hybrid style of governance was proposed by Aquinas, where the monarch, i.e. the presidency will be in check by a group of Aristocrats i.e. the senate and House of Representatives who are elected by the masses. For Aristotle, democracy is not the best form of government. He believed that the most efficient form of governance should be made using the concept of policy which embraces rule of law, personal freedom and dependent upon the middle class. The American style, though it’s a democracy was condemned by Aristotle, borrowed heavily from Aristotle’s teachings which are: Governments should enact policies which are for the benefit of the people. A stable regime is made of mixed regimes. The best form of government involves the balancing off the kingship, aristocracy and democracy. A pure democracy can turn into a tyranny of the majority. The rule of law should be the foundation of governance (Lord, 47). Basing on these teachings, the American constitution acknowledges the rule of law as one of its tenets which borrows heavily on Aristotle’s teach

Marketing on Women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing on Women - Essay Example Today, women are well educated, travel, and live alone in new cities, and they form a mobile workforce. Women are active in almost all sectors, such as engineering, manufacturing, construction, hospitality, healthcare, entertainment and TV, and many other sectors. Thus, the earning power of women has increased, and they do not have to depend on their husbands, fathers, brothers, or partners to buy products2. Statistics: In USA, high net worth women make up 39 percent of the top earners while 2.5 million women have assets of $ 4.2 trillion. About 43 percent of women in USA have assets of more than $ 500,000. Estimates until 2020 indicate that women will control and manage about two thirds of the national wealth and control about $ 40 trillion. Generally, women make 95 percent of the decisions to buy a large number of products, while in groceries; they make 99 percent of the decisions. Estimates indicate that women are the decision makers for 85 percent of all consumer goods, 91% of new homes, 92 percent for vacations, 65 percent for new cars and 93 percent for pharmaceuticals, beauty products and personal hygiene items. Women also participate in online buying and 22 percent shop online almost daily, and they post reviews about their purchase, post messages in social media and write to marketing firms about their pleasure or displeasure3. Loyalty: Studies indicate that womens loyalty is less for some types of products such as consumer goods, groceries and toiletries. They look at a number of factors such as product quality and price and they would be willing to try new products that are recommended by friends or that cost less, but the products must meet the expected quality requirement. Celebrity endorsements have limited appeal, unless women like the products. Women also tend to be more loyal to the service provider such as the waiter,

Knowledge for Nursing Essay Example for Free

Knowledge for Nursing Essay This essay will explore Peplau’s concept of a nurse-patient relationship and how it narrates to the experience I had whilst on placement practice. My aim is to demonstrate my gained understanding of the nursing process, the domains of nursing, the nature of nursing models and their relationship to practice and Peplau’s model of nursing. The reason why the student has chosen this concept is because nursing is an interpersonal process which involves interaction between two or more people with a mutual goal, (George 2003). The essay will start by defining the word concept then describe the incident that I observed in placement practice. The essay will analyze how theories can be used to justify nursing interventions in practice. The conclusion summarises the main points of the essay and reflect on my learning experience. (Meleis 1991) defined concept as â€Å"a label used to describe a phenomenon or a group of phenomena† (McKenna 1997). (McKenna 1997) concludes that concepts are identified when a name is put to a phenomenon. â€Å"Therefore, a concept is a tool and not a real entity – it merely facilitates observation of a real phenomenon,† (McKenna 1997 p8). Chinn and Kramer (2008); Hage (1972); Reynolds (1971) were cited that concepts can be theoretical or tangible. Theoretical concepts are created mentally independent of a particular or interval location, whereas tangible concepts are experienced directly and relate to a specific interval or location (Alligood and Tomey, 2010). â€Å"Nursing is a significant, therapeutic, interpersonal process. It functions co-operatively with other human processes that make health possible for individuals in communities. In specific situations in which a professional health team offers health services, nurses participate in the organisation of conditions that facilitate natural on going tendencies in human organisations. Nursing is an educative instrument, a maturing force that aims to promote forward movement of personality in the direction of creative, constructive, productive, personal, and community living. † (Peplau 1988, p16) Peplau (1952) defined phases in the nurse-patient relationships that overlap and transpire during the relationship interval. George (2002) cited the three phases defined by Peplau are as follows; orientation, identification, working, and termination. Whilst on Placement I had the prospect to put theory into practice with the supervision of my mentor when Mrs. Ahmed aged 85 was admitted into the ward after having had a fall (false name and age due to confidentiality, Nursing and Midwifery Council 2003). During handover it was reported that Mrs. Ahmed was at times unresponsive and seemed uninterested when addressed to by the nurse on duty upon admission, leaving the nurse to rely on the information obtained from the ambulance crew as she was unaccompanied. Upon arrival Mrs. Ahmed had not been able to get up from the stretcher as she was not weight bearing after the fall and appeared to be confused with the new environment. It was hoped that more information would be obtained in the morning when she awoke. Orientation stage My mentor gave me an opportunity to work with Mrs. Ahmed whilst under her supervision and it was obvious that the information we had was not complete. To get further information we went to her bedside which was in a mixed ward were we were introduced to the new patient. The orientation phase is initiated when a health problem occurs thus resulting in a felt â€Å"felt need, and professional assistance is sought. † Peplau (1952, p. 8) Peplau (1952) further states that the nurse and patient meet as two strangers, by clarifying and defining the problem in the orienting stage the patient can direct the accumulated energy from her anxiety about unmet needs and begin working with the presenting problem. The nurse patient rapport is established and continues to be strengthened while concerns are being identified. The nurse assumes a roles as described by Peplau in the overlapping phases of the nurse client relationship. Lebby and Pepper (1998) sees the nurse in the role of a stranger therefore acceptance of the patient as an emotionally able person is required. It is at this early stage I noticed that Mrs. Ahmed was unresponsive and seemed distant when my mentor asked for her consent to be assisted by a trainee nurse under her supervision (Nursing and Midwifery Council Code 2008). After asking her more than once she eventually responded and accepted the request. xxxxx When my mentor spoke to Mrs. Ahmed was clear and slow, and asked closed questions. Ashworth et al (1981) suggest that the quality and quantity of nurse-patient communication in geriatrics is affected by the nurse as well s the patient although some of the traditional attitudes by nurses toward elderly patients posed barriers to communication. Orem (1991) viewed the relationship between a nurse and patient as being complementary and therefore a nurse has to understand the basis of her own behavior. I noticed that the patient had some hearing aids on her bedside and I then considered that she might be having hearing impairment and was either not keen on using her hearing aids or needed assistance putting them on. I asked her if she was happy putting the hearing aids on her own. She attempted to put them on but seemed unsteady with her hands. I gestured that I could help and she extended them to me. I then helped her to put them on. George (2002) sees the working phase as a time when the patient starts to respond selectively to individuals who can meet their needs. Peplau (1952/1988) identified three types of responses from patients; the patient may participate and be interdependent, or be autonomous and independent from the nurse or be passive and dependent on the nurse (George 2002). Peplau (1952/1988) states the patient utilises the relationship fully by making full use of the nurse (Leddy and Pepper 1998). Peplau (1952) describes six nursing roles within the phases of the nurse patient relationship which are; stranger, resource person, teacher, leader, surrogate and counseling. She further described four psychobiological experiences, in her book which are; needs, frustration, conflict and anxiety. Peplau (1952) saw these experiences as energy providers transforming into action and provides a basis for goal formation and nursing interventions. Mrs. Ahmed showed she was becoming more relaxed and became more trusting and cooperative. Arnold and Underman Boggs (1999) suggested that the dynamic nursing approach Peplau advocated is not that of passive observer but participant observers, nurses actively engaging with their clients. I initiated further verbal dialogue and realised that although she could hear me she was struggling to understand what I was saying to her. Her replies where brief and at times not relevant to the questions posed. It became obvious that since English was not her first language she was struggling to understand me and her conversational English skills were basic. I then slowed my rate of speech and emphasised with gestures where appropriate. That way she seemed to comprehend what I was saying better. Forchuk (1993) mentions two types of communication, verbal and non-verbal communication, verbal communication conveyed by words and non-verbal communication conveyed through empathic links, postures, gestures, and patterns (Forchuck 1993). Peplau (1952/1988) considers the use of verbal communication to be an essential component of the nurse-client relationship (Forchuk 1993). The general principle is that anything clients act out with nurses will most probably not be talked about, and that which is not discussed cannot be understood. † Peplau (1989a p. 197). Forchuk (1993) suggest that discussing issues and concerns presents the patient an option to work them out. Thus nursing knowledge enables nurses to justify actions or stop unsafe or poor practices (Nursing and Midwifery 2003, The Code). Mrs. Ahmed was reluctant to have me assist her with personal hygiene although it was obvious that she needed it and it was also documented in her notes that she was not independent in this respect. She said something about being used to doing things for herself and how it was expected in her culture to clean one’s own body, she then suggested to wash herself and would ask for help when in difficulty. After washing herself, I took the opportunity of getting more information about Mrs. Ahmed, her family and health Data collection is constant throughout Peplau’s phases. George (2002) state that in the nursing process, primary collection of data is the nursing assessment, and further collection of data becomes an integral part of reassessment. The need for Mrs. Ahmed ‘s relations to be present compliments George (2002) statement that the nurse, patient and relatives need to work together in order to simplify and explain the problem at hand. Peplau (1995) discusses the need for the nurse to not only support but health educate the patient’s relations thus decreasing the tension and anxiety connected with the felt need and fear of the unknown thus the avoidance of future problems arising from unresolved significant events(George 2002). Peplau (1952/1988) states the importance of clarity on both parties in the relationship as their past experiences will influence their expectations in this progression. I also made her aware of her condition and situation whilst being conscious not to give advice, but rather asking her questions which we needed answers for, to help resolve her care needs. Peplau (1988) stated that the exploitation phase is where the nurse assists the patient to seek out other health care services and personal strengths in resolving the issues for which the client initially sought treatment. She thanked me for having explained everything she needed to know and for my patience during my interaction with her on that day. Peplau (1952/1988) saw the termination phase as a liberating process wherein the client’s wishes for psychological dependency and maintaining relationships have been worked through to support the ability to mutually end the relationship with the nurse (Leddy and Pepper 1998). Peplau views this phase as problematic for nurses as the progression of letting go is focused upon (Simpson1991).